Solar Observing

I’ve been solar observing as often as possible since May 2006. I started doing this when I decided it would be interesting to use my Solarscope to do sunspot counts and to contribute the results to the Society for Popular Astronomy‘s Solar section.

The following is information I find handy to keep in one place regarding this activity.

Calculating the Sunspot Number

The calculation for the sunspot number is R=k(10g+s) where:

  • R is the relative sunspot number (the thing we’re working out).
  • k is a constant that relates to the type of equipment used. Currently, for my own observations, this is 1.
  • g is the number of sunspot groups (active areas) visible.
  • s is the total number of sunspots counted.

Sources for Sunspot Data


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